الخشخاش المنثور

الوصف النباتي

Variation in Mouterde: The separately treated P. syriacum has a flat to slightly conical disc without a distinct central point, usually six to eight stigmas, and bright purplish-red petals with a black basal blotch often edged in white. P. subpiriforme has finely divided leaves and a nearly spherical capsule wider than its disc, with six to eight stigmas. These historical distinctions fall within Kew’s current P. umbonatum.

الأوراق

Leaves: More or less deeply pinnately lobed or divided. Lower leaves often have broad, relatively blunt lobes; upper leaves have sharper lobes.

نوع الورقة

مقسمة بعمق

الأزهار

Inflorescence & flowers: Petals red, typically with a distinct basal dark spot . Flowers slightly smaller and more delicate than those of P. rhoeas . Stamens numerous; anthers oblong.، Inflorescence & flowers: Flower stalks with spreading or appressed hairs. Sepals bristly and soon falling. Petals red, varying in intensity, with or without a black basal blotch. Anthers nearly spherical and blackish.

الثمار والبذور

Fruit: Capsule with a short mucro , forming a small umbo on the disc. Stigmatic rays spreading or slightly reflexed; disc flat to faintly convex.، Fruit: Capsule oval-oblong to cylindrical, with five to eight stigmas. Disc flat or slightly convex, usually with a distinct central point projecting 1–2 mm; stigmas and central point often strongly papillose.

مواسم النبات

الإزهار

آذار إلى أيّار

الفنلوجية

Phenology: Spring.، Phenology: February–April and later at altitude in the P. umbonatum account; February–May and later in the mountains under P. syriacum; spring under P. subpiriforme.

جمع البذور

حزيران إلى تمّوز

الانتشار الموثق

Leb. Syr. Pal. Tur.

Lebanese distribution: Recorded by Mouterde from the Beqaa corridor and interior slopes of Mount Lebanon (Jabal Kneissé, Dahr el-Baïdar, Chtaura, Zahlé, Barouk).

Syrian distribution: Common in inland and steppe regions, including the Damascus basin, Qalamoun foothills, Homs–Hama plateau, and Aleppo steppe margins.

Native range: Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Turkey.

Lebanese distribution: Under P. umbonatum: Beirut and surroundings, Nahr el Kelb, Deir el Qalaa, Ain Zehalta, Dahr el Baidar, Jabal Barouk and Douma; Hammana is additionally discussed as a probable record. Under P. syriacum: Tyr, Saida, Ras Jedra, Bir Hassen, Beirut, Nahr el Kelb, Ras Chekka, Tripoli, Ghazir, base of Jabal Terbol, Tannourine, the Cedars, Ehmej, Tlail, Rayak, Aytanit and Marjayoun. P. subpiriforme is recorded at Saida.

Syrian distribution: Under P. syriacum: Banias, Aouaniye near Jeble, Latakia, Aleppo, Damascus, Jabal Qasyoun, Doummar, Madaya, Kafer, Tell Hadid and Tell Chihane.

Recorded locations: Kornet Chehwan.

Native range: Lebanon-Syria, Palestine and Türkiye.

Introduced into: Germany and Gulf States.

لمحة نباتية

بنية النبات

حولية، Life-form & habit: Annual poppy with slender, slightly hairy stems; leaves lobed or dentate, softly pubescent and light green.، Life-form & habit: In Mouterde’s account under P. umbonatum, an annual, often with several stems, 20–60 cm tall, bearing spreading hairs.

دورة الحياة

نبات سنوي

لون الزهرة

أحمر

الفصيلة والتصنيف

الاسم العلمي المقبول

Papaver umbonatum

الفصيلة

خشخاشية

الجنس

خشخاش

أسماء علمية بديلة قيد التحقق

– Modern consensus (POWO, Euro+Med) treats Papaver syriacum as a synonym of Papaver umbonatum Boiss. (1849), which has priority. – The only consistent morphological difference is the presence or absence of the mucro (the “nipple” of umbonatum ), which Mouterde used to justify keeping them separate. – Modern authors interpret this character as intraspecific variation , not warranting species separation.، Synonyms: Papaver stylatum Boiss. & Balansa; P. subpiriforme Fedde; P. syriacum Boiss. & C.I.Blanche, all placed under P. umbonatum by Kew.

من تاريخ الاستعمال الطبي

روايات استعمال تقليدي؛ لا تُعد دليلًا على فعالية سريرية أو توصية علاجية.

نباتات من الفصيلة نفسها

Fumaria judaica

Papaver polytrichum

بُخيتة

Papaver humile

Papaver dubium